The Adjective Clause

The Adjective Clause

Pengertian Adjective Clause

• Adjective clause adalah dependent clause yang berfungsi sebagai adjective dan menjelaskan tentang noun atau pronoun pada suatu complex sentence (kalimat kompleks). Complex sentence merupakan kalimat yang terdiri dari independent clause dan satu atau lebih dependent clause.
• Posisi adjective clause selalu mengikuti noun atau pronoun (subject atau object) yang dijelaskan. Dengan kata lain klausa ini merupakan informasi yang ditambahkan terhadap subject atau object.
• Adjective clause dimulai dengan suatu kata yang disebut relative pronoun (who, whom, etc). Kata ini berguna untuk menjembatani hubungan dengan subject/object yang diterangkan. 

Contoh Adjective Clause pada Complex Sentence:

Simple Sentence	Complex Sentence	Keterangan
The book is interesting.	The book that he has read is interesting.	The book: noun (phrase), that: relative pronoun, that he has read: adjective clause yang menjelaskan the book. Merupakan klausa karena terdiri dari subject (he) dan verb (has read) dan merupakan adjective clause karena menjelaskan noun.

 Rumus Adjective Clause

Complex Sentence:

Independent Clause + Adjective Clause

Adjective Clause:

Relative Pronoun +/- S*+V

Keterangan: *Relative pronoun (who, which, that) dapat berfungsi sebagai subject jika tidak ada subject
Fungsi Relative Pronoun pada Adjective Clause
Beberapa fungsi relative pronoun di dalam adjective clause berikut contohnya adalah sebagai berikut.

Fungsi	Relative Pronoun	Contoh Adjective Clause	Pembuktian
Subject	who, that, which	that was made of cheddar cheese.	coba substitusi dengan “It” (subjective personal pronoun)
Object*	whom, that, which, who	whom I want to buy	coba substitusi dengan “it” (objective personal pronoun)
Possessive	whose	whose house has burned down	coba substitusi dengan “his” (possessive personal pronoun)

*Dapat dihilangkan pada defining relative clause

Punctuation (Tanda Baca) pada Adjective Clause

Saat menerangkan subject, posisi adjective clause akan berada di tengah kalimat. Klausa tersebut dapat diapit koma ataupun tidak, tergantung pada penting atau tidaknya informasi tambahan yang dibawanya. Informasi tersebut dinilai essential (penting) atau restrictive jika akan mengubah makna kalimat jika dihilangkan. Pada situasi tersebut, koma tidak digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi essential tersebut dinamakan defining clause. Sebaliknya, jika informasi non-essential (tidak penting) atau non-restrictive karena dapat dihilangkan tanpa merubah makna kalimat, maka koma digunakan. Klausa yang membawa informasi non-essential tersebut dinamakan non-defining clause.

Contoh Complex Sentence:

• Essential: People who chew well may have healthy digestion.
• Non-essential: Yulia, who does exercise regularly, has a positive body image.

Contoh Adjective Clause

Adapun contoh adjective clause dengan berbagai relative pronoun dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Relative Pronoun	Contoh Adjective Clause di Dalam Complex Sentence	Keterangan
who	He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs. (Dia pria yang bekerja keras untuk menanggung kebutuhan sehari-hari mereka.)	Adjective clause  menerangkan noun (the man) yang berfungsi sebagai subject complement.
whom	The woman whom you saw last night is my sister. (Wanita yang kamu lihat tadi malam adalah saudara saya)	Adjective clause menerangkan noun (the woman) yang berfungsi sebagai subject kalimat.
whose	The man whose car is antique works as a lecturer. (The man yang punya mobil antik itu bekerja sebagai dosen.)	Adjective clause menerangkan noun (the man) yang berfungsi sebagai subject kalimat.
which	Mueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat. (Mueeza, yang sangat setia, adalah kucing saya.)	Adjective clause menerangkan noun (Mueeza) yang berfungsi sebagai subject kalimat.
where	Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born. (Bandar Lampung adalah kota dimana saya dilahirkan.)	Adjective clause menerangkan noun (a city) yang berfungsi sebagai subject complement.
that	It is the car that I has dreamed for many years ago. (Ini mobil yang telah saya impikan sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu.)	Adjective clause menerangkan noun (the car) yang berfungsi sebagai subject complement.

Examples of Adjective Clauses

Ø  Adjective Clauses In Action

Adjective clauses do not change the basic meaning of the sentence. In some cases, when they provide more information into a sentence, they need to be set off with commas.
Here are several examples of sentences with the adjective clauses underlined:

• Pizza, which most people love, is not very healthy.
• The people whose names are on the list will go to camp.
• Grandpa remembers the old days when there was no television. 
• Fruit that is grown organically is expensive.
• Students who are intelligent get good grades.
• Eco-friendly cars that run on electricity save gas.
• I know someone whose father served in World War II.
• Making noise when he eats is the main reason why Sue does not like to eat with her brother.
• The kids who were called first will have the best chance of getting a seat.
• Running a marathon, a race of twenty-six miles, takes a lot of training.
• I enjoy telling people about Janet Evanovich whose latest book was fantastic.
• The people waiting all night outside the Apple store are trying to purchase a new iPhone.
• "He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe is as good as dead." - Albert Einstein
• “Those who do not complain are never pitied.” - Jane Austen
• “People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedom of thought which they avoid.” - Søren Kierkegaard
• “Never go to a doctor whose office plants have died.” - Erma Bombeck

Ø  Turning Adjective Clauses into Phrases

An adjective clause with a subject pronoun - such as which, that or who - can also be shortened into a phrase.
You can shorten an adjective clause in two ways:

1. Omit the subject pronoun and verb.
2. Omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to the form ending in "ing."

Here are some examples of how to create an adjective phrase:

• Adjective Clause: The books, which are lost, are not really necessary.
• Adjective Phrase: The books lost are not really necessary.

• Adjective Clause: The girl who is running is my best friend.
• Adjective Phrase: The girl running is my best friend.

• Adjective Clause: His share of the money, which consists of $100,000, was given to him on Monday.
• Adjective Phrase: His share of the money, consisting of $100,000, was given to him on Monday. 

• Adjective Clause: Something that smells bad may be rotten.
• Adjective Phrase: Something smelling bad may be rotten. 

Remember, the goal of an adjective clause is to add more information to a noun or a pronoun. You can add the information by including a few more words or by changing the adjective clause to a phrase.